TRAUMA AND WOMEN - COURSE, PREDICTORS, AND TREATMENT

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) resulting from aggravated assault , rape, or noncrime trauma affects over 4 million women in the United States, according to retrospective studies. Prospective studies review ed here found that 3 months post assault the prevalence of PTSD was 48 % in rape victims and 25% in nonsexual crime victims. Prolonged exposu re treatment and stress inoculation training are both effective psycho therapeutic treatments for PTSD. Prolonged exposure involves having th e patient relive the traumatic memory and recount the event in detail. This description is audiotaped and the patient is asked to listen to it as part of assigned homework. In vivo exposure to feared objects or situations is also assigned as homework. Stress inoculation training consists of teaching patients a variety of techniques for managing anx iety, including controlled breathing, deep muscle relaxation, thought- stopping, cognitive restructuring, preparation for stressors, covert m odeling, and role-play. Both treatments have been proven to be effecti ve alone and in combination in ameliorating chronic PTSD in women afte r traumatic sexual or nonsexual assault. This efficacy was maintained for 3 months of follow-up.