Although identified less than 20 years ago, Lyme disease has proved to
be the most common tick-borne disease in the United States: some 10,0
00 cases were reported in 1992. In some cases the disease may be trans
itory and of little consequence but in others it may become chronic an
d severely disabling. Accurate diagnosis is, therefore, of great impor
tance but, as this article shows, laboratory testing techniques still
need improvement.