PARADOXICAL SLEEP-DEPRIVATION AND SLEEP RECORDING FOLLOWING TRAINING IN A BRIGHTNESS-DISCRIMINATION AVOIDANCE TASK IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS -PARADOXICAL EFFECTS

Previously, we reported that posttraining paradoxical sleep deprivatio n (PSD) resulted in an enhancement of the subsequent avoidance perform ance for rats trained for 15 trials in a Y-maze brightness avoidance d iscrimination task. A series of experiments were conducted to try to f urther understand the reasons for results which were contrary to those of the bulk of the sleep-learning literature. Experiment 1 investigat ed the effectiveness of the PSD technique. Rats (N = 4) were sleep rec orded while residing on a ''swimming pool'' apparatus for 24 h. Compar ed to their baseline values, all animals showed a very large reduction in paradoxical sleep and spent significantly more time awake. Slow-wa ve sleep was unchanged. In Experiment 2, proactive motor effects were tested. Rats were deprived of PS for 24 h and then tested in a hole bo ard motor activity task. There was a slight effect of PS deprivation o n the day following the PSD and no effect when the rats were retested 1 week later. Experiment 3 investigated possible proactive effects of PSD on avoidance performance. Rats exposed to PSD in the 24 h before t raining in the Y-maze task did not demonstrate any facilitative effect on the subsequent avoidance performance. Experiment 4 investigated th e possibility that the PSD facilitative effect could be due to partial training. Rats were given 75 acquisition trials in the brightness dis crimination Y-maze avoidance before being subjected to 24 h of PSD. PS -deprived animals showed superior avoidance scores compared to non-PSD controls when retested 24 h later. In Experiment 5, the same strain o f rats (N = 11) were sleep recorded after exposure to a partial acquis ition in a Y-maze brightness avoidance discrimination task. They were then continuously monitored for 4 consecutive days. The percent PS for the Trained rats was significantly lower than that for the Control an imals. This drop in percent PS was not confined to any particular time period in the 24-h day. None of the other sleep parameters reached si gnificance. Analyses of the present results suggest that PSD exerts it s facilitative effects on posttraining consolidation processes. We pre sent arguments suggesting that PSD can have effects opposite to those generally reported, in animals demonstrating poor avoidance abilities, in an avoidance task. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.