To assess the quality of some aspects of medical hospital care an expl
icit review instrument (a 'criteria map') was developed on the basis o
f available evidence and consensus statements. The criteria are presen
ted as 'optimal care trajectories', which depend on the patient's clin
ical profile. The criteria map was applied in a study of 738 stroke pa
tients over 45 years of age. We observed for 44% of the 738 studied pa
tients one or more deviations from the optimal care trajectory with re
spect to at least one of five important aspects of medical care (CT sc
an, reversal of anticoagulation, treatment of hypertension, antiplatel
et therapy, and evaluation of carotid arteries). The frequency of devi
ations from optimal care increased with patients' age and level of dis
ability. We conclude that the criteria map is a reliable tool for case
-by-case review of the quality of care.