PUBLIC-FINANCE - EXPENDITURE ALLOCATING AND RESOURCES RAISING

National budgets in SSA have major impacts on macro, sectoral and micr o economic results simply by being very large relative to total demand and also to supply of most human investment services and of infrastru cture. Together with programming for specific policy goals (including balance, redistribution, non-inflationary finance of necessary expendi ture), these automatic impacts are more likely to be positive if analy sed and specifically taken into account in policy formulation. While m ore sophisticated analysis and holistic expenditure and revenue measur e conceptualization is needed in SSA, both data quality and operationa l constraints require simple programmatic (including tax) formulation and operation if either policy or budget results are to improve.