The differential diagnosis between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancr
eatitis is very important as the management and prognosis of these two
diseases is different. In most patients with pancreatic disease, the
diagnosis can be established but there is a subgroup of patients in wh
om it is difficult to differentiate between these conditions because t
he clinical presentation is often similar and currently available diag
nostic tests may be unable to distinguish between an inflammatory or n
eoplastic pancreatic mass. This paper reviews the aetiology, pathology
and clinical features of these diseases and discusses the limitations
of conventional diagnostic methods and how newer techniques may be of
value in the differential diagnosis.