The results from an experimental study on rust conversion by phosphori
c acid are presented. Steel surfaces were pre-rusted for variable peri
ods in a natural atmosphere, subsequently brushed and pretreated with
phosphoric acid solutions at different concentrations. It was found th
at the conversion of rust depends strongly on the time of exposure and
on the acid concentration used in the pretreatment. Analysis of the s
urfaces with optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped w
ith EDS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, Mossbauer spectroscopy and oth
er methods were used in this work. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.