EFFICACY AND ECONOMICS OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO CONTROL ANTHRACNOSE FRUIT ROT IN PROCESSING TOMATOES IN THE MIDWEST

Anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccodes) is the major fungal disease affe cting processing tomato fruit in the midwestern United States. Current ly available disease management strategies evaluated for controlling a nthracnose fruit rot (AFR) on processing tomatoes include genetic resi stance and the fungicide chlorothalonil applied according to conventio nal schedules or a disease-forecasting system (Tom-Cast). Experimental field plots were established in West Lafayette, Indiana, and East Lan sing, Michigan, in 1993 to 1995. Chlorothalonil was applied every 7, 1 0, or 14 days or according to Tom-Cast with a threshold of 20 disease severity values, and was not applied to the control. In Michigan, Phyt ophthora infestans (1993) and C. coccodes (1993 to 1994) caused 91.8% (1993) and 30.7% (1994) fruit rot in the unsprayed plot. In Indiana, C . coccodes caused 69.8% (1993) and 39.0% (1994) AFR in the unsprayed p lot. In 1995, Ohio 8245 (Michigan and Indiana), considered to be less prone to anthracnose, and Ohio 7814 were integrated into the conventio nal and Tom-Cast-prompted spray programs. Cultivar did not affect the incidence of AFR or foliar blight caused by Septoria lycopersici and A lternaria solani in either location. In 1993 and 1994, chlorothalonil applied at 10-day intervals in Indiana resulted in the highest benefit per hectare (BPH) and return per fungicide dollar (RPFD). In 1995, th e highest BPH and RPFD resulted from chlorothalonil applied every 14 d ays to Ohio 8245 (Michigan). Chlorothalonil applied according to the T om-Cast program resulted in a level of AFR that was generally not stat istically different from the 7-day treatment but was high enough to re sult in crop rejection and high economic loss in 2 of the 3 years the study was conducted. Based on data from this study, it is not commerci ally feasible to grow processing tomatoes in Michigan and Indiana with out chlorothalonil to protect against AFR even when a resistant cultiv ar is used.