A. Liguori et al., ABSORPTION AND SUBJECTIVE EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE FROM COFFEE, COLA AND CAPSULES, Pharmacology, biochemistry and behavior, 58(3), 1997, pp. 721-726
Coffee is often perceived as producing greater pharmacological effects
than cola. The present study compared the magnitude and rapidity of p
eak caffeine levels and subjective effects between coffee and cola. Th
irteen users of both coffee and cola (mean daily caffeine consumption
= 456 mg) ingested 400 mg caffeine via 12 oz unsweetened coffee, 24 oz
sugar-free cola or 2 capsules in a random, double-blind, placebo-cont
rolled, within-subjects design. Subjects provided a saliva sample and
completed subjective effect scales 15 min before and 30, 60, 90, 120,
180 and 240 min after ingestion. Mean peak saliva caffeine levels did
not differ between coffee (9.7 +/- 1.2 mu g/ml) and cola (9.8 +/- 0.9
mu g/ml) and appeared to be greater with these beverages than with the
capsule (7.8 +/- 0.6 mu g/ml; p = NS). Saliva caffeine levels peaked
at similar times for coffee (42 +/- 5 min) and cola (39 +/- 5 min) but
later for capsule (67 +/- 7 min; p = 0.004). There was no main effect
of vehicle or interaction of vehicle and drug on magnitude of peak ef
fect or time to peak increase on self-report scale's. In summary, peak
caffeine absorption, time to peak absorption, and subjective effects
do not appear to be influenced by cola vs. coffee vehicle. Perceived d
ifferences in the effects of coffee vs. cola may be due to differences
in dose, time of day, added sweetener, environmental setting or conti
ngencies. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.