K. Hayashi et al., OLEFINATION OF DIALKYL SQUARATES BY WITTIG AND HORNER-EMMONS REACTIONS - A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 3,4-DIOXO-1-CYCLOBUTENE-1-ACETIC ACID-ESTERS, Tetrahedron letters, 38(40), 1997, pp. 7091-7094
Olefination of dialkyl squarates 1-5 with several ylides 6 and phospho
nates 7 gave the corresponding alkylidene products 8-12. In the case o
f Homer-Emmons reactions, stereoselective formation of Z-alkylidene pr
oducts was observed. An acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 8-12 gave squaryl
acetic acid esters 13. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.