NEURON PROMOTE THE TRANSLOCATION OF PERIPHERAL MYELIN PROTEIN-22 INTOMYELIN

Schwann cells express low levels of myelin proteins in the absence of neurons. When Schwann cells and neurons are cultured together the prod uction of myelin proteins is elevated, and myelin is formed. For perip heral myelin protein 22 (PMP22), the exact amount of protein produced is critical, because peripheral neuropathies result from its underexpr ession or overexpression. In this study we examined the effect of neur ons on Schwann cell PMP22 production in culture and in peripheral nerv e using metabolic labeling and pulse-chase studies as well as immunocy tochemistry. Most of the newly synthesized PMP22 in Schwann cells is r apidly degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum. Only a small proportion of the total PMP22 acquires complex glycosylation and accumulates in t he Golgi compartment. This material is translocated to the Schwann cel l membrane in detectable amounts only when axonal contact and myelinat ion occur. Myelination does not, however, alter the rapid turnover of PMP22 in Schwann cells. PMP22 may therefore be a unique myelin protein in that axonal contact promotes its insertion into the Schwann cell m embrane and myelin without altering its rapid turnover rate within the cell.