Diamond-anvil cell experiments and first-principles theory have been u
sed to investigate the structural stability of uranium up to 1 Mbar in
pressure. Experiments and theory agree; there is no phase transition
in uranium below 1 Mbar. Previous speculations about a crystallographi
c phase transition in uranium below this pressure are thus shown to be
incorrect. In this regard, uranium is exceptional in the series of li
ght actinides, where pressure-induced phase transitions typically occu
r at pressure below 1 Mbar. The ground-state crystal structure of uran
ium is orthorhombic with three structural parameters: the axial ratios
b/a and c/a, and an internal parameter y measuring the displacement,
along the b-axis, of alternate planes. The experimental and theoretica
l results reported here indicate that one of these parameters, c/a, is
substantially more sensitive to pressure than the other two, changing
by as much as 5%, while b/a and y are constant within 1% within the p
ressure range studied. This flexibility in the alpha-U structure facil
itates this structure over a wide pressure range. Theory suggests that
electrostatic contributions to the total energy drive the variation i
n the c/a ratio as a function of pressure, and a simple model is utili
zed to show this.