The complex approach to both restoration and maintenance of vital func
tions in patients with severe nervous system diseases is described in
this article. The respiratory reanimation is thought to be the main pr
oblem of neuroreanimatology. The long-term experience of the Institute
of Neurology of Rus. Acad. Med. Sci. in this field is presented. It w
as concerned with the arbitrary respiratory control disorders, automat
ic respiratory regulation disturbances, the damages of peripheral cent
ers associated with respiratory function.