Ja. Maddi et al., HIGH-POWER TARGET MEASUREMENTS AND FINITE-ELEMENT CALCULATIONS FOR ISL TARGETS, Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment, 397(2-3), 1997, pp. 209-220
Methods for cooling thick spallation targets (emphasis is on targets f
or an ISL facility) to uniform temperatures are discussed along with m
ethods for testing targets in a manner that does not require an accele
rator facility or result in induced radioactivity. Empirical data is s
upplemented by computer models using a custom finite element analysis
package which allows modeling of combined heat and fluid flow.