Hc. Hsiao et al., RIGHT-VENTRICULAR ELECTRODE LEAD IMPLANTATION VIA A PERSISTENT LEFT SUPERIOR VENA-CAVA - AN IMPROVED TECHNIQUE, Angiology, 48(10), 1997, pp. 919-923
Persistent left superior vena cava occurs in approximately 0.5% of the
population. This may complicate pacemaker implantation by making lead
insertion difficult and causing lead instability through the left cep
halic vein and the subclavian vein approach. We used a wide loop techn
ique in the right atrium and successfully advanced the lead in the rig
ht ventricle apex. A persistent left superior vena cava does not precl
ude successful lead placement.