Jl. Briaud et Y. Lim, SOIL-NAILED WALL UNDER PILED BRIDGE ABUTMENT - SIMULATION AND GUIDELINES, Journal geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 123(11), 1997, pp. 1043-1050
A three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite-element analysis is used to
study the behavior of soil-nailed walls constructed under a bridge abu
tment built on piles. The numerical model simulates the piles and the
nails with beam elements, the abutment and the pile cap with solid 3D
brick elastic elements. The soil model used is a modified hyperbolic m
odel with unloading hysteresis. The complete sequence of construction
is simulated including the excavation of the embankment slope under th
e bridge in front of the abutment and the placement of the nails. The
numerical model is calibrated against an instrumented case history. Th
en a parametric study is conducted. The results give information on th
e effect of the excavation and nail placement on the following: axial
load and bending moment in the piles and load in the nails and wall de
flections. The results are used to suggest design guidelines.