G. Ippolito et al., DEVICE-SPECIFIC RISK OF NEEDLESTICK INJURY IN ITALIAN HEALTH-CARE WORKERS, JAMA, the journal of the American Medical Association, 272(8), 1994, pp. 607-610
Objectives.-To identify the types of medical devices causing needlesti
ck injuries among Italian health care workers, to document the device-
specific injury rates and time trends for different hollow-bore needle
s, and to compare injury rates from these devices with those reported
in the United States. Design.-Longitudinal survey. Settings.-Twelve It
alian acute care public hospitals. Methods.-Data were obtained from a
multihospital surveillance database on the number of total injuries re
ported in each device category. Hospitals provided the corresponding n
umber of devices used annually for each needle type. Main Outcome Meas
ure.-Number of needlestick injuries by type of hollow-bore needle per
100 000 devices used per year. Results.-A total of 2524 injuries from
hollow-bore needles were reported. Disposable syringes/hypodermic need
les accounted for 59.3% of injuries, followed by winged steel needles
(33.1%), intravenous catheter stylets (5.4%), and vacuum-tube phleboto
my needles (2.2%). Intravenous catheter stylets had the highest needle
stick injury rate (15.7/100 000 devices used), and disposable syringes
had the lowest needlestick injury rate (3.8/100 000). In contrast to
the other devices, the injury rate from winged steel needles increased
from 6.2 per 100 000 in 1990 to 13.9 per 100 000 in 1992. Conclusions
.-The device-specific needlestick injury rates in Italy are similar to
those reported in the United States, suggesting similar exposure expe
rience in two countries. However, in contrast to the United States, ne
edleless intravenous access is standard practice in Italy and thus eli
minates one potential risk to Italian health workers. Implementation o
f safer equipment, such as shielded or retracting needles, and continu
ing training programs are needed to further reduce the hazards that he
alth care workers face.