This paper presents a microscopic analysis of the dynamic interplay be
tween the nonequilibrium carrier system and the light field in a semic
onductor microcavity laser system. The important aspects of the quantu
m mechanical theory are summarized and the resulting equations are sol
ved for the example of a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser config
uration with quantum-well active material. Assuming optical pumping wi
th a short pulse, the subsequent evolution of the generated carrier di
stributions, the onset of lasing and the dynamics of the emission are
analysed. It is shown how the microcavity emission dynamics can be inf
luenced by proper cavity design.