Poisoning by drugs that block voltage-gated sodium channels produces i
ntraventricular conduction defects, myocardial depression, bradycardia
, and ventricular arrhythmias. Human and animal reports suggest that h
ypertonic sodium bicarbonate may be effective therapy for numerous age
nts possessing sodium channel blocking properties, including cocaine,
quinidine, procainamide, flecainide, mexiletine, bupivacaine, and othe
rs.