We monitored Io's volcanic thermal emission from 1.7 to 4.8 mu m in 19
95/96. The data reveal a number of brightenings when Io's thermal emis
sion increased several-fold. We use a model of emission from lava flow
s to understand observations of two brightenings in 1996. The brighten
ings were caused by eruptions similar or equal to 3 km(2) in extent, w
ith eruptive rates of 10(4)-10(6) m(2) s(-1) and with maximum lava tem
peratures greater than or equal to 1400 K. These events were probably
lava lakes and/or fire fountains.