Intraperitoneal rupture of pyogenic liver abscess is a rare but potent
ially fatal disease, often involving the elderly, who are commonly of
poor surgical risk with background of significant medical illness. Acc
urate preoperative diagnosis is difficult and often necessitates explo
ratory laparotomy for peritonitis. We report a case of ruptured crypto
genic solitary liver abscess presented with acute peritonitis that was
successfully treated laparoscopically. The laparoscopic approach obvi
ated the access trauma, confirmed the diagnosis, was able to drain the
abscess, as well as provided microbiology and histology samples. A th
orough peritoneal lavage could be also performed. The use of laparosco
pic ultrasound could also localize concomitant abscesses and detect as
sociated biliary tract pathology.