Al. Adam et al., RAPID AND TRANSIENT ACTIVATION OF A MYELIN BASIC-PROTEIN KINASE IN TOBACCO-LEAVES TREATED WITH HARPIN FROM ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA, Plant physiology, 115(2), 1997, pp. 853-861
Harpins are bacterial protein elicitors that induce hypersensitive res
ponse-like necrosis when infiltrated into nonhost plants such as tobac
co (Nicotiana tabacum L.) (Z.-M. Wei, R.J. Laby, C.H. Zumoff, D.W. Bau
er, S.Y. He, A. Collmer, S.V. Beer [1992] Science 257: 85-88). Activit
y of a 49-kD Mg2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent kinase in tobacco lea
ves increased 50-fold 15 min after infiltration of harpin from Erwinia
amylovora (harpin(Ea)). Much less pronounced and more transient activ
ation was detected in water-infiltrated leaves. Biochemical characteri
stics of the harpin(Ea)-activated protein kinase (HAPK) activity are c
onsistent with those of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. H
APK is cytosolic and phosphorylates myelin basic protein on serine/thr
eonine residues. Treatment with a protein tyrosine phosphatase complet
ely eliminated HAPK activity, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation
is required for posttranslational activation. Sustained HAPK activati
on after cycloheximide treatment implies that HAPK may be negatively r
egulated by a translation-dependent mechanism. The extracellular Ca2chelater EGTA or the protein kinase inhibitor K252a, infiltrated in pl
anta together with harpin(Ea), partially blocked HAPK activation. The
Ca2+-channel blocker La3+ had no effect on HAPK activation, suggesting
that phosphorylation events precede and/or do not depend on the entry
of extracellular Ca2+ into the cell. These results suggest that early
signal transduction events during harpin(Ea) induced hypersensitive r
esponse elicitation depend in part on the activation of HAPK.