COMPARISON OF LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF OVARIECTOMY VERSUS OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY IN BITCHES

Although ovariectomy is less invasive and less time-consuming than ova riohysterectomy, most surgical textbooks recommend ovariohysterectomy for routine neutering of bitches. This advice is probably based on con cerns about the development of uterine disease after ovariectomy. Howe ver, there is no evidence that conditions such as cystic endometrial h yperplasia (CEH)-endometritis develop in the ovariectomized bitch, unl ess progestagens are administered. The purpose of this study was there fore to compare the long-term effects of ovariectomy and ovariohystere ctomy, including the incidence of urinary incontinence. Questionnaires were sent to 264 owners of bitches, in which ovariectomy (126) or ova riohysterectomy (138) had been performed as a routine neutering proced ure 8-11 years earlier. Complete data were available for 69 bitches of the ovariectomy group and for 66 bitches from the ovariohysterectomy group. There were no indications that endometritis had developed in bi tches of the ovariectomy group. None of the bitches was sexually attra ctive to male dogs after neutering. The occurrence of a clear to white vaginal discharge was reported in two bitches of each group, but none of these four bitches appeared to be ill during the periods when the discharge was present. Furthermore, with the exception of urinary inco ntinence, no problems were reported that could be related to the surgi cal neutering. Six of the ovariectomized bitches and nine of the ovari ohysterectomized bitches eventually developed urinary incontinence. Of these 15 bitches (11%), 12 weighed more than 20 kg. Bouvier des Fland res bitches were at a higher risk of developing urinary incontinence t han were those of the other breeds. The possibility that the urinary i ncontinence was due at least in part to other conditions must be consi dered, since eight of the bitches were 9 years or older before urinary incontinence occurred and seven of the incontinent bitches also had p olyuria or polydipsia. There were no significant differences in the in cidence of urogenital problems listed above between the bitches of the ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy group. It is hypothesized that a u terine disease such as CEH-endometritis cannot develop after complete ovariectomy, unless progestagens are administered. The results of this study indicate that ovariectomy does not increase the risk of CEH-end ometritis or other complications in comparison with ovariohysterectomy . It is concluded that there is no indication for removing the uterus during routine neutering in healthy bitches. On the contrary, ovariect omy should be considered the procedure of choice.