Post-vasectomy semen analyses from a consecutive series of 574 men wer
e studied to determine whether the current regimen of sample analysis
could be improved. Five hundred and ten men completed follow up (ie su
bmitted two consecutive azoospermic samples); thus 11 per cent of men
did not comply with follow up arrangements. 97.5 per cent of men who c
omplied with follow up had at least one azoospermic sample out of the
first two submitted, and all those whose first sample was azoospermic
were subsequently found to have had a successful operation. Early reca
nalisation was detected in three men (0.6 per cent), all of whom had s
ubmitted at least one azoospermic sample. These results suggest that e
arlier testing would allow more rapid and convenient confirmation of a
zoospermia in the great majority of cases, but that the requirement fo
r two azoospermic samples a sufficient time interval after operation i
s necessary to exclude early recanalisation.