Interstitial cystitis is a urologic disorder with protean pelvic manif
estations (urologic, gynecologic, gastroenterologic) and variable prev
alence. Although current research indicates a non-bacteriologic etiolo
gy, interstitial cystitis has features suggestive of autoimmunity, a d
eficient bladder wall lining, activated bladder sensory neuropeptides
and bladder mastocytosis, Pentosan polysulfate sodium is a recently ap
proved oral treatment for interstitial cystitis. Further research into
the gynecologic and pain aspects of interstitial cystitis is clearly
needed.