Four case histories are reported in which the initial signs and sympto
ms were those of pulmonary infiltration and in which subsequently a di
agnosis of myelodysplasia was made. The analysis of bronchoalveolar la
vage fluid - demonstrating predominantly neutrophils and lymphocytes,
and, occasionally blast cells as well as plasma cells - indicated that
the pulmonary infiltration was related to the myelodysplastic process
. As no other causes of pulmonary infiltration could be found, it seem
s that a pulmonary infiltrate can be the presenting symptom of a myelo
dysplastic syndrome. Although pleuropulmonary infiltrates most often a
re caused by infections, these cases illustrate that myelodysplasia re
lated infiltrates should also be considered.