The aetiology of enamel demineralization during fixed orthodontic trea
tment and its sequelae are discussed. A summary is given of the variou
s methods available to assess the risk of demineralization prior to ac
tive treatment. The best preventive strategy would appear to be an ass
essment of risk factors prior to banding, coupled with fluoride rinses
, regular reinforcement of oral hygiene, and dietary advice throughout
the course of treatment.