4,5-Dicyanoimidazole has been reacted with racemic and enantiopure alc
ohols 1 under Mitsunobu conditions to give 1-alkyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazol
e derivatives 2, which in turn have been transformed by hydrolysis and
decarboxylation into 1-alkylimidazoles 4 in good overall yield and hi
gh enantiomeric excess. The absolute stereochemistry of the compounds
has been confirmed by synthesizing 4c through an independent route.