NATIONAL CONTEXT AND GENDER IDEOLOGY - ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMENS EMPLOYMENT IN HUNGARY AND THE UNITED-STATES

This study uses a comparative framework to examine the relationship be tween individual-level attributes and gender-role attitudes in a state -market society (Hungary) and in a capitalist society (the United Stat es). Data from the 1988 International Social Science Program (ISSP) in dicate significant differences in attitudes between the two population s. Both women and men in the United States were more supportive of wom en's employment than their counterparts in Hungary, despite the Hungar ian government's policy of full employment during communist rule. Neve rtheless, the level of agreement between women and men (the gender gap ) was uniform across national contexts: Women were more supportive of women's employment than men. We also found that individual-level attri butes, such as employment status and marital status, differentially af fected gender-role attitudes in the two countries, This study contribu tes to a broader dialogue about the dynamic relationship between socia l structure and gender ideology.