The control of schistosomiasis has been a challenging task for most en
demic countries. Thus, despite the concerted efforts to date, schistos
omiasis remains a major public health concern, second only to malaria
in the tropics and subtropics. In this review, Lorenzo Savioli and col
leagues highlight changes in schistosomiasis prevalence and distributi
on over the past decades, discuss the success and limitations of the v
arious control strategies, and present possible control initiatives fo
r the future.