Jh. Liem et al., ASSESSING RESILIENCE IN ADULTS WITH HISTORIES OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE, American journal of orthopsychiatry, 67(4), 1997, pp. 594-606
Adults with histories of childhood sexual abuse were categorized as be
ing either resilient or nonresilient on the basis of current levels of
depression and self-esteem. Characteristics of both the individual an
d the early family environment distinguished resilient from nonresilie
nt abuse survivors, as did the physically coercive nature of the abuse
experience.