In vivo scanning slit confocal microscopy was performed in a patient w
ith Fusarium solani keratitis. Morphologically distinctive abundant fi
lamentous structures were observed intrastromally. Confocal microscopy
of the culture plate growing F solani from the patient's corneal scra
ping revealed filaments morphologically similar to the filaments obser
ved in vivo. After 1 week of medical therapy, subsequent confocal micr
oscopy showed an increased load of filaments, supporting the decision
to perform a penetrating keratoplasty. Confocal microscopy confirmed t
hat all of the fungus was eradicated. This aided in the decision to ad
minister corticosteroids and quickly discontinue antifungal agents.