J. Hoffman et al., CHITOOLIGOSACCHARIDES STIMULATE ATLANTIC SALMON, SALMO-SALAR L., HEADKIDNEY LEUKOCYTES TO ENHANCED SUPEROXIDE ANION PRODUCTION IN-VITRO, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B. Comparative biochemistry, 118(1), 1997, pp. 105-115
Chitosans and chitooligosaccharides stimulated Atlantic salmon, Salmo
salar L., head kidney leukocytes in vitro to produce elevated levels o
f superoxide anion. Both soluble and insoluble chitooligosaccharides w
ere stimulatory 2 and 7 days after addition. Protein-chitooligosacchar
ide conjugates were also stimulatory in vitro both at 2 and 7 days aft
er addition. Deacetylation seemed to be oi little importance for the s
timulatory capacity. High concentrations of the 80% deacetylated chito
san/chitooligosaccharides were toxic to the leukocytes as judged by re
duced reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium and morphology. (C) 1997 Else
vier Science Inc.