ORIENTATION SPECIFICITY IN REPRESENTATIONS OF PLACE

Although some studies have shown that a single view produces an orient ation-free representation of place (C. C. Presson, N. DeLange, & M. D. Hazelrigg, 1989; C. C. Presson & M. D. Hazelrigg, 1984), others sugge st that an orientation-specific representation is formed (J. J. Rieser , 1989). Five experiments are reported that together with existing stu dies, suggest that orientation-free performance requires a conjunction of study-test conditions, including a ''horizontal'' viewing angle du ring encoding, a room-sized test space, and ''on-path'' testing. If an y one of these conditions was not satisfied, orientation-specific perf ormance was observed at test. The findings support a multiple-view mod el of orientation invariance and suggest that there is something speci al about on-path testing that permits orientation-free performance und er some conditions.