M. Gradzielski et H. Hoffmann, INFLUENCE OF CHARGES ON STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF AN O W MICROEMULSION - EFFECT OF ADMIXING IONIC SURFACTANTS/, Journal of physical chemistry, 98(10), 1994, pp. 2613-2623
The effect of charges on the properties of oil-in-water (O/W) microemu
lsions has been studied. These investigations started from an aqueous
system made up from a zwitterionic surfactant (alkyldimethylamine oxid
e) and hydrocarbon. The O/W droplets in this system can be charged by
the partial substitution of the nonionic surfactant by either a cation
ic or an anionic surfactant. The properties of these charged microemul
sion aggregates were studied by static and dynamic light scattering, v
iscosimetry, and interfacial tension measurements. The charge density
on the droplets can simply be fixed at a desired value by the composit
ion of the surfactant mixture. The light scattering experiments showed
that the aggregates remain constant in size over a large concentratio
n regime (0.1-30 wt %) and in addition their size is only very little
influenced by the admixture of ionic surfactant. The scattering behavi
or of the cationically substituted microemulsions could adequately be
described by a simple random phase approximation (RPA) model that cont
ains a hard-sphere interaction with an additional DLVO-potential term
that accounts for the electrostatic repulsion. Deviations toward lower
scattering intensities were observed for the anionically substituted
microemulsions; i.e., this system behaves asymmetrically with respect
to cationic and anionic surfactant substitution. These deviations resu
lt both from an increased effective hard-sphere radius (larger hydrati
on shell) and from a more effective electrostatic interaction. This ef
fect is not particular for the system studied, but similarly observed
for a microemulsion based on another nonionic surfactant (Brij 96). Dy
namic light scattering experiments showed an increase of the diffusion
coefficient with rising ionic content of the system. This increase is
entirely due to the decreasing structure factor and only little influ
enced by the hydrodynamic factor, which is slowly decreasing with incr
easing ionic content. The diffusion coefficient of the charged microem
ulsions exhibits a maximum at similar to 0.03 volume fraction.