ASSOCIATION OF ADENOVIRUS INFECTION WITH HUMAN OBESITY

We previously reported that chickens infected with the avian adenoviru s SMAM-1 developed a unique syndrome characterized by excessive intra- abdominal fat deposition accompanied by paradoxically low serum choles terol and triglyceride levels, There have been no previous reports of avian adenoviruses infecting humans, We screened the serum of 52 human s with obesity in Bombay, India, for antibodies against SMAM-1 virus u sing the agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) method, Bodyweights and se rum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were compared in SMAM-1-positi ve (P-AGPT) and SMAM-1-negative (N-AGPT) groups, Ten subjects were pos itive for antibodies to SMAM-1, and 42 subjects did not have antibodie s, The P-AGPT group had a significantly higher bodyweight (p<0.02) and body mass index (p<0.001) (95.1 +/- 2.1 kg and 35.3 +/- 1.5 kg/m(2), respectively) compared with the N-AGPT group (80.1 +/- 0.6 kg and 30.7 +/- 0.6 kg/m(2), respectively), Also, the P-AGPT group had significan tly lower serum cholesterol (p<0.02) and triglyceride (p<0.001) values (4.65 mmol/L and 1.45 mmol/L, respectively) compared with the N-AGPT group (5.51 mmol/L and 2.44 mmol/L, respectively). Two subjects positi ve for SMAM-1 antibodies had antibodies against each others' serum, su ggesting the presence of antigens in one or both, When these two serum samples were inoculated into chicken embryos, macroscopic lesions com patible with SMAM-1 infection developed. The inoculation of serum from N-AGPT subjects did not produce such lesions, The presence of increas ed obesity, antibodies to SMAM-1, reduced levels of blood lipids, and viremia that produces a typical infection in chicken embryos suggests that SMAM-1, or a serologically similar human virus, may be involved i n the cause of obesity in some humans.