Vibration is an effective tool in detecting and diagnosing some of the
incipient failures of machines and equipment. The present paper deals
with the basic principles, which may help in identifying its diagnost
ic ability, the scope of its diagnostic capabilities, the instrumentat
ion in vogue for its monitoring and the state-of-the-art of the monito
ring techniques and programs. A few case studies are also given to ill
ustrate how machine troubles/failures are diagnosed with the help of v
ibration signatures.