J. Nahman et V. Djordjevic, RESISTANCE TO EARTH OF SUBSTATION EARTH ELECTRODES IN UNIFORM AND 2-LAYER SOILS, Electrical engineering, 80(5), 1997, pp. 337-342
The resistance to earth of square and rectangular grid and combined gr
id-multiple rods earth electrodes buried in uniform and two-layer soil
s has been analyzed for a wide set of electrodes and soil parameters.
Novel approximate expressions for earth resistance are deduced based u
pon the data obtained by exact computer modelling. These expressions a
nd a set of diagrams provided can be used in the preliminary design st
age of substations earthing systems for assessing the effects of vario
us earthing system and soil parameters.