Rm. Ryckman et al., VALUES OF HYPERCOMPETITIVE AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT COMPETITIVE INDIVIDUALS, Journal of personality assessment, 69(2), 1997, pp. 271-283
The value systems of hypercompetitive and personal development competi
tive individuals were examined in a sample of university undergraduate
s. As expected, people higher in hypercompetitiveness and in personal
development competitiveness were both more likely to endorse values re
lated to self-contained individualism such as achievement, hedonism, a
nd a striving for an exciting and challenging life, but only hypercomp
etitives endorsed the value of power and control over others. Moreover
, the data indicated that people higher in personal development compet
itiveness were more prone to endorse values related to ensembled indiv
idualism. In particular, they strongly endorsed values associated with
social concern, that is, with caring about the well-being of others a
nd with treating them with respect and as equals, whereas hypercompeti
tives expressed a lack of such concern. Discussion centered on the soc
ialization process and how it can foster the development of different
competitive orientations.