In the first and second part of this paper (issue 2/1997) Kernberg pre
sented his ideas on a general theory of drives on the basis of recent
findings in affect research. He comes to the conclusion, that the driv
es in a classical sense are being constituted of two organizations of
self-object-affect units, that each cluster around sexual exitement an
d rage as primary affects. Dependent on their curves of intensity, the
se affective patterns which are being formed under the influence of co
ntextual experience, become repressed later on, or remain accessibilit
y to consciousness. Kernberg is explaining the emergence of complex em
otions by a modulatory process through ontogeny upon primitive peak le
vel affect states according to acquired cognitive contents of experien
ce. The presentation is richly illustrated by clinical material.