PREDICTION OF EMPTYING FLOWS IN LADLES AND VERIFICATION WITH DATA FROM TRACE-ELEMENT PLANT TRIALS

A three-dimensional mathematical model of a casting ladle based on fun damental transport equations has been developed. The model may be used for predictions of both a standing ladle and a ladle from which steel is teemed into a tundish. An additional feature of the model is that it can predict concentration profiles of tracer elements which are add ed to the steel. The predicted concentration profiles during teeming a re compared to experimental data from plant trials performed at SSAB a nd the agreement is found to be good. The model is used as a tool in t he development of process control models.