Employee involvement per se is not always effective for improving perf
ormance and/or employee attitudes. Rather, there are several different
forms of employee involvement, some of which are effective, while oth
ers are not. This article describes seven forms of employee involvemen
t, giving examples, and summarizes research findings for each form, co
ncluding with a summary of which are the best and which are worst. Thi
s article also describes what is necessary for effective employee invo
lvement, focusing on management commitment and training for both manag
ement and employees.