The possible roles of heat shock proteins in the pathogenesis of infla
mmatory arthritis have been discussed for a number of years, and inves
tigated intensively in both animal models and human disease. This revi
ew surveys evidence which has pointed, on the one hand, to hsp as targ
ets of a pathogenic immune response, and on the other, to an immunoreg
ulatory role for T cell recognition of self hsp, The extent to which f
indings in experimental animals have led to further insights applicabl
e to human disease is also emphasised.