Re. Kayen et Jk. Mitchell, ASSESSMENT OF LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL DURING EARTHQUAKES BY ARIAS INTENSITY, Journal geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 123(12), 1997, pp. 1162-1174
An Arias intensity approach to assess the liquefaction potential of so
il deposits during earthquakes is proposed, using an energy-based meas
ure of the severity of earthquake-shaking recorded on seismograms of t
he two horizontal components of ground motion. Values representing the
severity of strong motion at depth in the soil column are associated
with the liquefaction resistance of that layer, as measured by in situ
penetration testing (SPT, CPT). This association results in a magnitu
de-independent boundary that envelopes initial liquefaction of soil in
Arias intensity-normalized penetration resistance space. The Arias in
tensity approach is simple to apply and has proven to be highly reliab
le in assessing liquefaction potential. The advantages of using Arias
intensity as a measure of earthquake-shaking severity in liquefaction
assessment are: Arias intensity is derived from integration of the ent
ire seismogram wave form, incorporating both the amplitude and duratio
n elements of ground motion; all frequencies of recorded motion are co
nsidered; and Arias intensity is an appropriate measure to use when ev
aluating field penetration test methodologies that are inherently ener
gy-based. Predictor equations describing the attenuation of Arias inte
nsity as a function of earthquake magnitude and source distance are pr
esented for rock, deep-stiff alluvium, and soft soil sites.