POLYMER-IMMOBILIZED NANOSCALE AND CLUSTER METAL PARTICLES

The most essential data on the immobilisation of nanometre-sized and c luster metal particles in polymeric matrices are considered and system atised for both macroligands and the matrices formed in situ. Special attention is paid to the controlled chemical passivation (stabilisatio n) of extremely active particles of colloidal size using high-molecula r-weight compounds. The routes of formation of polymer-immobilised nan oparticles directly in the polymer medium are analysed. This allows th e preparation of compositions characterised not only by the maximum re gular distribution of these particles over the bulk of polymer but als o by a strong chemical interaction between the components. Studies in the field of polymer-analogous transformations, which offer a promisin g approach to the binding of mono-and heterometallic clusters as a new direction in the physicochemistry of nanoparticles, are discussed in detail. The peculiarities of the immobilisation of clusters, polynucle ar structures, and nanoscale particles by synthetic polymers, on the o ne hand, and by biopolymers, on the other hand, are considered. The ba sic fields of the application of the products obtained and the prospec ts of the development of this direction are outlined.