Recent studies of mutations of Drosophila proteins implicated in synap
tic transmission have yielded new insights into the roles of these pro
teins and the pathways in which they function. Analysis of mutant embr
yos lacking syntaxin or synaptobrevin suggests that these proteins per
form distinct functions after vesicle docking with the presynaptic mem
brane. In addition, characterization of Drosophila endocytotic mutants
provides in vivo evidence for the presence of different endocytotic p
athways at a single synapse.