O. Hemmers et al., BEYOND THE DIPOLE APPROXIMATION - ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION EFFECTS IN VALENCE PHOTOEMISSION, Journal of physics. B, Atomic molecular and optical physics, 30(21), 1997, pp. 727-733
Angular distributions of valence photoelectrons showing effects due to
higher-multipole photon interactions have been measured for the first
time. Neon 2s and 2p photoemission exhibits effects beyond the dipole
approximation throughout the 250-1200 eV photon-energy range studied.
The results suggest that any photoemission experiment, on any sample,
can be affected at relatively low photon energies, pointing to a gene
ral need for caution in interpreting angle-resolved-photoemission meas
urements.