THE HAMILTON-ZUK THEORY AND INITIAL TEST - AN EXAMINATION OF SOME PARASITOLOGICAL CRITICISMS

It has been supposed repeatedly that the Hamilton & Zuk paper of 1982 was parasitologically misconceived. These criticisms are shown to be i nconsistent or mistaken. Various assumptions deemed unjustifiable by c ritics were either not made in the original paper, or have been made c ommonly, reasonably and pragmatically, by parasitologists themselves. The requirement by the theory for pathogenicity is examined, as is the need for the individuals to encounter the relevant parasites. The pos sible roles of parasite aggregation, parasites ether than those direct ly involved, and costs of resistance, in making sosigonic selection le ss feasible are put into perspective. The rationale, interpretation an d value of the preliminary comparative test with haematozoa are discus sed. The advisability of incorporating host age, the location and timi ng of any sampling for parasites, and the actual ability of successful mates to resist disease is acknowledged. Attention is directed toward s several specific observations. (1) It is a Little recognised fact th at Hamilton and Zuk assessed prevalence-showiness associations within surveys in restricted localities. (2) Many parasitological studies hav e not properly addressed the need to control for sampling effort when using prevalence data. (3) Contrary to some claims, the notion that ha ematozoa are sufficiently pathogenic is not unrealistic. (4) That non- resistant as well as resistant individuals might be free of patent or even latent infection at the time of mate choice was one of the possib ilities mentioned originally. (5) In 1984, Eshel & Hamilton emphasised that environmental variation (whatever its source) has the potential to make mate selection for heritable characters based on perceptible v ariation less likely to evolve. (6) Hamilton & Zuk concluded that thei r findings ''hint'' that parasitism could be one agitator required for ''good genes'' sexual selection, a stance which is not immoderate. La stly, the potential importance in evolutionary biology of parasite-med iated sexual selection as a form of co-evolution is considered briefly . (C) 1997 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.