The Hurwitz criteria are used for a stability analysis of the steady s
tate excitonic optical bistability curves in a semiconductor pumped by
an external laser resonant with the exciton level. Besides the middle
branch of the bistability curves which is unstable in the sense of th
e linear stability theory, we have found other domains of instability
in the upper and lower branches of the steady state curves. Numerical
results show that a possible route to chaos in the photon-exciton syst
em is period-doubling self-oscillation process. The influence of the p
resence of free carriers that coexist with the excitons is also discus
sed.