A. Fontana et al., POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER AMONG FEMALE VIETNAM VETERANS - A CAUSAL MODEL OF ETIOLOGY, American journal of public health, 87(2), 1997, pp. 169-175
Objectives. The Vietnam and Persian Gulf wars have awakened people to
the realization that military service can be traumatizing for women as
well as men. This study investigated the etiological roles of both wa
r and sexual trauma in the development of chronic posttraumatic stress
disorder among female Vietnam veterans. Methods. Data from the Nation
al Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study for 396 Vietnam theater women a
nd 250 Vietnam era women were analyzed with structural equation modeli
ng. Results. An etiological model with highly satisfactory fit and par
simony was developed. Exposure to war trauma contributed to the probab
ility of posttraumatic stress disorder in theater women, as did sexual
trauma in both theater and era women. Lack of social support at the t
ime of homecoming acted as a powerful mediator of trauma for both grou
ps of women. Conclusions. Within the constraints and assumptions of ca
usal modeling, there is evidence that both war trauma and sexual traum
a are powerful contributors to the development of posttraumatic stress
disorder among female Vietnam veterans.